How deep do earthquakes occur on Earth? Deep earthquakes, generally defined as earthquakes deeper than 70 km, are generated in a deeper portion of subduction slabs where the extremely high pressures and temperatures make frictional slip unlikely.
Earthquake sciences changed significantly in the past decades with, in particular, the discovery of slow-deformation processes in addition to ordinary earthquakes. Those slow earthquakes play a major role in the earthquake cycle, but their physical mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Reliable forecasts of volcanic activity rely on observations of where magma is stored within the lithosphere and how it migrates from its mantle source towards the surface. Over the last decade, conceptual models of magma storage have shifted from a single long-lived magma chamber to a vertically extensive, structurally complex, and rapidly evolving plumbing system.